The controversy over melanin that came up in the last quarter of 2008 sparked people’s attention to bring it back to the recurring debates between breastfeeding and the utilization of breastmilk subs like the formula used in commercial infant milk. It was not the first instance that the procedure caused sickness and sometimes even death to babies worldwide. That is what instigated the continuous campaign of WHO and UNICEF. Other advocates for breastfeeding also came in for the campaign and the mothers who breastfeed their babies until they reach six months.

The feeding practices that involve infants should meet the immunological and nutritional needs of the child. A study of infant feeding patterns got carried out using a sample of 100 mothers and their infants. The result of the survey revealed that 20% of the moms exclusively breastfed their babies. The product also showed that several factors lead to such low numbers. The socio-economic factors like the status of work, marital status, and education level directly affected the outcome. Mothers who have employment tend to stop breastfeeding their babies and get to use the formula feeding. The study also highlighted that married mothers and probably lived together with their partners, breastfeed their children than single mothers.

Methodology (Depends on Research Type)

Qualitative and quantitative research will get used in this study. Qualitative research focuses on gathering a deeper understanding of humans’ behavior and the underlying reasons for those actions. It aims to understand the why and how of the process of decision-making. The researcher will also make examinations through observations and statistical analysis. Questionnaires will get handed out to respondents, and interviews with some experts and respondents will get conducted.

Method of Sampling

Random sampling will get used in this research to obtain a more specific and scientific result. Las Pinas City hall provided a list of healthcare facilities that included maternities, hospitals, and health centers.

Three barangays from 20 will get picked by random sampling. The institutions and health centers will, therefore, be the target of the researcher’s respondents. Verbal consent will get set to get obtained through contact to allow the mothers’ administration of questionnaires. The researcher’s protocol, together with the letter of authorization, will get sent to them, fit with the questionnaire. A letter to the City Health Officer also got sent for endorsement to conduct research.

Data got collected throughout the health centers and facilities.

Respondents

All the respondents in this research will come from a single location, Las Pinas city. the city got chosen because of the socio-economic state in the area that is in line with the frame and resources of the study. Consent and approval will get asked of the respondents sampled randomly until the 100 mark gets reached.

Questionnaire

The questionnaire will bear information on the population background and the socio-economic status of the mother. It has queries related to the practices of the infant feeding and the youngest baby’s birth that entails the baby’s age and well-being of the child.

Statements got generally thought to enclose the factors that push mothers to initiate the decisions on infant feeding got presented. The material will also bear questions on the infant formula’s description and the mothers who use the mixed feeding.

Conclusion

Several mothers use the formula to feed their children, and only a fraction get to feed their children with breast milk, per the WHO’s recommendation. While many mothers in the study illuminated a positive attitude towards breastfeeding, many of them decided to utilize the formula due to reasons about work and the supply of milk.

As per the study results, the status of work, level of education, and work status are some of the most significant factors that alter mothers’ feeding decisions in the city.

Several mothers who acted as respondents in this study fall in 17-30 years. College graduates constituted more than half of them, while some were undergrads and only attained a high school certificate. Most mothers are housewives, and for the remaining bunch, they have full-time employment, self-employment, or part-time jobs. A fraction of them is students. The majority are married, but some are single mothers. Most of the mothers do not have self-sustaining jobs and depend on causal work for their daily meals.

Term paper (definition)

Term papers are those papers that the instructors give at the end of the term. They do this to test if you are learning in class. Term papers also contribute to your grades. So as a student, you have to take this paper very seriously. 

This term paper is like an assignment, but the difference is that you need to make it longer than an assignment. Another difference is that you must research the term paper, whereas you do a little research for an assignment.

The procedure of writing term papers:

• The first step is coming with the topics. The most important part about this is looking for a topic that is very interesting to you. When you find an exciting topic, it will be easier for you to research it. When getting a topic, get one that is not very wide because you will not exhaust most of the work. And so not go for a narrow topic because you will lack what to write in the term paper. Choose a topic that is not too big or too narrow.
• The next step that you can follow does some research. Another key to writing a very excellent research paper is your understanding of the essay. So you will have to allocate most of your time in the library so that you research more on the work. You can also go to the online sources, but they may not be enough for the research. The trick here is to choose trustworthy sources.
• The third step here is writing thesis statements. When you reach this paper of writing a research paper, you have to look for a burning topic. Something that you have an interest in. Look for something that is standing out for you. The thesis statement must portray the opinions that you think of the topic. But do not be rigid and stick to the thesis. It is also ok to change your thesis statements.
• The fourth step here is to create outlines. An outline is like the skeleton of the essay paper. And it is where you can go as a point of reference. When you are stuck, it gives you a sense of direction and saves you time to finish your assignments quickly.
• The fifth step here is making a draft. Making a draft doesn’t mean that you are going to make something that perfect. Remember, this is your first term paper. A free too at this point is do not put most of your time into correcting your work. The main role of this section is to put most of your together.
• The last step is to proofread and edit. It is when you go to the instructions and confirm if you are doing what the instructions are saying. Go through your work more than once. And also, keep in mind the punctuations, spelling, and grammar.

Conclusion

Term papers are assignments that are very important in school because these term papers contribute to your marks at the end of the term.

The one advantage that this method has is selecting the treatment for each patient with their unique environmental and genetic profile. In case a patient gets screened, and the tests come out as positive, it could mean that humans will break through a significant scientific problem.

Basis of biology

Personalized medicine entails individualized treatment that aims to provide every patient with a unique treatment that can satisfy their needs in line with their clinical, headache, and environmental profile of the health records. Scientists hope that these medicines can utilize the variations to develop even safer and effective treatments for genetically defined people.

The scientist hopes to pick out genes that are specific to someone known to cause some common diseases. The project was gearing on to become successful and reach its objectives. It has come to our attention that the subject is more complex since many diseases are in development due to genes’ interactions. The technology otherwise has a future because it can get accessed and measured through screening tests. It has a great framework that involves technological methods and gets infused with traditional medicine that provides it with the grounds to get developed, studied, and tested.

Ethical and social implications

Personalized medicine has got many advantages when viewed from the social point of view. Scientists and researchers have stated that medicine can improve healthcare and also bring down the rate of mortality. The possibility of modifying and identifying risks associated with health problems will arise because of the opportunity that researchers have found to select a strategy of treatment that would be best for patient groups with the help of the medicine. The drug will also bolster drug treatment effectiveness and bring down deaths and complications resulting from the unsafe use of drugs or inappropriate utilization. The same will also bring down healthcare and wastage, which is due to the throwing away medications that are considered ineffective.

It is good to invest in this type of medicine because it will improve the quality of life. Suppose the medicine is made more available or affordable for the general population. In that case, it will improve the quality of life, and therefore, when we view it from the social perspective, personalized medicine can be helpful, engaging, and valuable. Scientists, however, have to fully assess the medicine and wait until it’s possible to get used in the human body will get reached.

When you view it ethically, personalized medicine has two angles. The first one in tails that it will affect the prescription of drugs. When you visit the hospital today and go for drugs, the physician may not fully evaluate the patient’s reactions because of a lack of environmental and genetic profile of you as a patient. When such information is available, it can bolster the selection of the appropriate drugs to the patient, and it will be easier for the doctors to treat their patients effectively.

On the other hand, most patients may prefer the trial and error risks in prescribing to get the information on their jeans, which could mean that doctors can access their details without authorization. These ethical concerns may bring down the speed of implementation of these types of medicine. Preventive methods are in place to get developed, allowing humans to utilize the drugs safely and minimize and safe usage.

It remains pretty clear that the use of the brand new technology will demand notifications that touch on policy and society. We have to examine all the issues, and all the stakeholders must get involved to conclude the changes made in the public policy. The issues presented might be ethics of clinical trial, the privacy of medical records, and the protection of the patient’s autonomy. We need to regulate these elements before we get to implement the use of personalized medicine worldwide. That way, it will become possible to treat all kinds of patients without worrying about other elements.

Introduction

It is where you make a case for the research. It is the part where an explanation is made on why the research is necessary or essential or necessary. To start it off, you need to describe the situation or problem at hand that motivates this research. You can discuss the state of the current research and fill in the problem or gap that is in the field. At the end of this introduction, if there is a hypothesis, then it is presented there. 

Methods

This section lays out the methods in which the study has been conducted. It includes the information of the population, methods, samples, and equipment. The reason for this section is to enable the readers to be able to duplicate the study. This section use subheading typically and it uses passive voices in plenty. It is usually the section on the IMRaD report that is least read.

Results

It is the section where the findings are presented. This section only contains the findings. It does not have any commentary or explanations on the findings. Like the methods, the results are usually presented in the past tense. When filling up the result section, make sure that the figures and tables are numbered and labeled separately. Captions usually go beneath the figures, while on the tables, the captions go above. In these sections, you need to note how your findings are presented. Here you report on the findings. Case in point, Refer to the table or figure and state the significant trait.

Discussion

The findings that you have found get summarized in this section. You get to understand what the study means. Apart from the summary, you get to comment on those findings. Then connect them to any other research. Limitations of the study are also presented and then used as reasons to suggest future and additional research.

In this section, you need to take note of how you present your findings. In the discussion section, your comment about your findings, unlike the report section you just report.

Abstract

At the beginning of the paper, the paper’s abstract comes in. but it should be written after the full report has been drafted. This abstract summarizes the entire study. It provides more of a short overview of the paper. It also includes a few sentences, one or two, with the report’s purpose and its importance. It also includes your methods, summarized in two sentences or one. Also, a few sentences that show the main findings of the study. Not to forget, the implications of the findings are presented in a sentence or two.

Despite the IMRaD being a common paper, there are some common problems with it: there is no clear statement provided on the abstract, there is no clear communication on the importance of the research on the introduction, the methods section is disorganized and not very detailed, and finally, the results section only provides comments and some explanations instead of just reporting the results.